ࡱ> [ Rbjbj|ΐΐy8 <<$PddGd^4j!j!j!+G-G-G-G-G-G-G$J^MRQG-"f!j!""QG<<p~G222"R <+G2"+G22=h.>P*)/B=GG0G=Mk0M >>MG?j!"!2!!j!j!j!QGQGe1fj!j!j!G""""Mj!j!j!j!j!j!j!j!j!  :  q\NwؚI{;Sf[Yexvz-N_ yxĉR3ubfN Ty ;NcN ]\OUSMO T|5u݋ 5uP[{ 3ueg q\NwؚI{;Sf[Yexvz-N_RlQ[6Rh NNNt^Ng Ty{|+R ;N c N Y T'`+RQut^gleLyLRf[Sf[MO;N Ye f[ ] \O ~ Se z Tyc[af[e@b(WUSMO;N Ye f[ x vz T y f[ x vz ] \O { S  Tyegnwbke/f&Tt[VY`Q ~;NxvzbXTY T t^ Ly0LR ]\OUSMO ;NxvzW R] ~{ T  VQYxvzsrSxvzaINRg N VQYxvzsr VEsQN4N^;Sf[Ye9eivxvz;NƖ-N(W[svQĉS0OS TSTReS0  ĉS /fc4N^;Sf[NN(WVE N gNNYehQ ُ/fS_MRVE;Sf[Ye9eivN'YRTyrp[1]01998t^NLu;Sf[YeTTOWFME bzN,gyu;Sf[YehQ~ 1999t^bzVE;Sf[YeNYXTOIIME 1udk/TRN,gy;Sf[YehQt;Sf[YegW,gBlv6R[]\O:N^S_N;Sf[Ye͑e[MOT9eiSU\vR 2003t^NLu;Sf[YeTTOWFME ck_lQ^ 0,gy;Sf[YehQthQ 0 2005t^NLukSu~~WHO NNLu;Sf[YeTTOWFME TTS^ 0,gy;Sf[YecWS 0 Nnb:NVE;Sf[b!hYe(ϑċ0ONSU\vOnc c[NS_MRVE;Sf[Ye9ei[2]0vMR hQt] g NRKNNvV[Ǒ(uNN!hYċ:NW@xvNN6R^  hQthQ O(ug:N^l02010t^9gVYV;SykNuYeYXTOS^eĉ 2023t^ @b g3uYXTOfNvYV;SykNu vQkNvf[!h_{Ǒ(u~ǏVESv z^ShQۏLck_v0 ُNĉ[vS^ Q!k:_N^zNVEchvNN6R^v͑'`0  OS TS /fc;Sf[Ye-NvlQqQW@x z0W@x;Sf[ z04N^;Sf[ zvteSOnTYef[[e-NvMRTOS T[3]0VؚI{;Sf[Ye/f4t^nf,gyYe 4t^;Sf[YevW{Q!j_ Vdk V;Sf[b!hv4N^;Sf[ zS g[`N e`N,;Sf[YeMR$Nt^NW@x;Sf[ z:N;N(`S80%),khT NN!k 4N^[ T$Nt^S g\RW@x;Sf[ z N4N^;Sf[ z:N;N(`S80%) 1udkONW@x;Sf[04N^;Sf[Yef[Ǐ zvOS T0n[4]0VؚI{;Sf[Yevf[6R:N5t^ 4N^6kNW@xtf[`N6kKNl gf>fLuP T;Sf[b!h\4N^[N N Te_teT0RRgW@xtYef[-N [s OS TS [5]0lV0_V0o'Y)RNI{vQNV[;Sf[b!hGW^8^͑ƉW@x;Sf[T4N^;Sf[vOS T (WW@x;Sf[Yef[Ǐ z-N[cN[veۏL4N^[ O;Sf[uegc4N^ OۏW@x;Sf[N4N^;Sf[vT[6]0  ReS /fc4N^;Sf[Yee_9hnc;Sf[!j_vSS NeۏL9ei [/fVE;Sf[Ye9eivSNyrp[7]0NVE;Sf[Ye9eivS zeg w ;Sf[Ye'Yi~SN N*N6k,{N6k 1910t^VYe[_KQe~ShN 0_KQe~bJT 0 h_Nf[y:NW@xv;Sf[ znRz _/TN;Sf[Ye9eiv,{Nnjmno cRNsN;Sf[Yee_vlS ;Sf[Ye[bNN'Yf[:Nf[/g-N_ NsN;Sf[yf[:NW@x ^zN Nf[y:NW@x v'Yf[Ye,{N6k 20N~60t^N VR;Sf[b!h_U\NNhV[|~:NW@xvYf[y~T'`vYef[9ei _ۏN WNf[`NProblem-Based Learning,PBL  vYef[!j_ Re~^ev~T'` zSO| [VE;Sf[Ye z9eiNuN'Yq_T [sN N:N[T vteTYe,{ N6k 2010t^ hQt;Sf[YeLucwN,{ Nn;Sf[Ye9eievjmno ;Sf[YehQtrzYXTO(W 0gSR 0Bg_ShN:N 0bTeN~vkSuNMb[LlSYe :_SvNOX[NLu-NvkSu|~ gR 0vbJT cQN(W$NN9eivW@x N cۏlS_f[`Nv,{ NN;Sf[Ye9eiet_[8]0 bV;Sf[Ye9eiz^NLu;Sf[Ye9eiet_vR ygۏLNvsQc"}T[0 1999t^ibbNeg bV4N^;Sf[NNĉ!j%`gRib'Y YUOO;Sf[Ye(ϑbN͑02005t^Ye 0sQNۏNekR:_ؚI{f[!h,gyYef[]\Ovr^a 0Yeؚ0200501S cQR:_ؚI{f[!hYef[]\Oċ0O gR0W_U\f[yNNI{NyYef[ċ0O]\O02007t^Ye0"?e NS 0sQN[eؚI{f[!h,gyYef[(ϑNYef[9ei] zva 0Yeؚ0200701S Bl ygc"}NNċ0O6R^9ei ͑pcۏ] zb/g0;Sf[I{WvNNՋp]\O ek^z^LN6R^vNNSO|0 2008t^bV^N 0-NV,gy;Sf[YehQ 4N^;Sf[NN(ՋL) 0 hQNVE;Sf[YehQ:NSgq ~TbVW,gV` Te|Q~bVveS O~0YeSO6RTYeDnI{V } NNt^6R,gy4N^;Sf[NN:N(u[a N``S_NLN }(0wƋvh0bvh N*NebfnxNkNu^0Rvvh[9]2010t^ 0V[-NgYe9eiTSU\ĉR~ 0S^ fnxcQ/TR[e SS;SuW{QR 2011t^Ye0kSuTTS_NhQV;Sf[Ye9ei]\OO cQN;Sf[Ye~T9eivW,g` [;Sf[Ye~T9eiۏLN|~cR2012t^3g 0YesQNhQbcؚؚI{Ye(ϑvr^a 0cQ cۏ;Sf[Ye~T9ei [eSS;SuYeW{QR c"}^V[;SuSO6R9eiv4N^;Sf[NMbW{Q!j_0 2012t^5gYe0kSuqQ TSe 0Ye kSusQN[eSS;SuYeW{QRva 0 ck_~~[e SS;SuYeW{QR 2013t^ kSY0YeI{NTTpSSN 0sQN^zOOb;S^ĉSW6R^vc[a 0 :NR:_4N^;Sf[NMbW{QcON9h,g'`TW@x'`v6R^O2014t^ Ye0V[kSuuY0V[-N;So{t@\I{mQTTQSN 0sQN;SYeOS TmS4N^;Sf[NMbW{Q9eiva 0 fnxNbV4N^;Sf[NMbW{Q!j_9eivSU\eT0 9hncVE0VQ;Sf[YehQBlT9eiSU\R R^\;Sf[b!hT~T'`'Yf[;Sf[b!h_U\NN|R4N^;Sf[NNNMbW{Q!j_9eiY/n'Yf[;Sf[b_U\N c|~teTv z9ei Tg'Yf[;Sf[bǏ!jWWS zSO| [sNTf[yvNST-NV;Sy'Yf[Nf[y:NW@x g^N!jWWSteT zSO|Ym_l'Yf[;Sf[bǑSNW@x;Sf[N4N^;Sf[teTv zYef[!j_V]'Yf[NS;Sf[b^zN $Nk_ O zSO|NS-Nyb'Yf[ TNm;Sf[bۏLN NhV[|~:N-N_ vteT z9ei-NWS'Yf[XnŖ;Sf[bǑ(uNPBLTHhO_Yef[l,{ NQ;S'Yf[V~ NMONSO ۏLN~T zn0ُN;Sf[b!h(W zteT0Yef[!j_9eieb]~S_N_Y>fWvbHe b_bNNybSOPtv9eibg[10.11.12]02010t^ Nwm^_U\N4N^;Sf[UxXNNf[MOYeNOOb;S^ĉSW~Tv9eiՋp]\O cQNN4N^[R:N8h_v4N^;Sf[ 5+3 NMbW{Q!j_ sS5t^4N^;Sf[,gyYe R3t^OOb;S^ĉSW{Q N (WVQ!kg^N\;Sf[b!hYe0kNTYeT~~Ye g:gTcv4N^;Sf[NMbW{QSO|(W[Ǐ z-N @wRN;Sf[YeSU\N;SokSuNNSU\v'}[~T @wRNNMbW{Q!j_TSO6R:g6R9eiv͑pz4x @wRN;Sf[uLNS_T4N^[Rv>fWcGS @wRN;Sf[Ye(ϑOSO|vf>fR:_ b_bNN|RwQ gRe'`0['`T:y'`vbR~[13]0 }6qbVv;Sf[Ye9ei(WR^\;Sf[b!hT~T'`'Yf[;Sf[b!hS_N[('`ۏU\ FObV;Sf[Ye9eiSU\X[(W_'Y NGWa'`0NN N;Sf[b!hvk 0We;Sf[bbbNؚI{YeibbTv;N;Sf[NMbW{QNR FOX[(W@w9eiaƋ=T0YeDn.SON0xvzubuĉ!j\I{ N %N͑6R~NR4N^;Sf[NNNMbW{Q!j_9eivc^[14]0 ,{N 9eiaƋ=T N^bV~Nm0;SukSuNNSU\v0 0We;Sf[b!hN20N~TJSk_YۏL z9ei FO'YYO͑NW@x;Sf[6k *gQ N T6kvTcwQSOv[eeHh:ONvB\ *gb_b9eivteSOaƋTOS TaƋ :ON[tev[eeHhT(ϑOSO|0 ,{N YeDnv[.SON :ON[e9eivir(W@x0 "$02468:<LNPTZ~sh[K8%hG'Kh--5>*CJ$OJPJaJ$o(hG'KhD-5CJ$OJPJaJ$hf5CJ$OJPJaJ$hG'KCJOJPJo(hB)CJOJPJo(hD-CJOJPJhD- hdvhD-hYuhD-CJ4aJ4o(hdvCJ4PJaJ4o(hfCJ4PJaJ4o(hGRCJ4PJaJ4o(h--CJ4PJaJ4o(h2CJOJPJQJo(h--CJOJPJQJo(h9CJOJPJQJo(hD-CJOJPJQJo($8:< n      $dG$a$gdG'KdG$WD`gdD' dG$gdG'K $dG$a$gdD- $dG$a$gdD- $dDG$a$gdD-$dH]a$gdD-   8 > P l n | ~ ˹rdRdrBhG'KhD->*CJ$OJPJaJ$"hG'KhQ^5>*CJ$OJPJaJ$hG'KhD-5CJ$aJ$o(hG'KhD-5CJ$OJPJaJ$"hG'Kh--5CJ$OJPJaJ$o(%hG'Kh--5>*CJ$OJPJaJ$o("hG'KhD-5>*CJ$OJPJaJ$"hG'KhD-5CJ$OJPJaJ$o(hf5CJ$OJPJaJ$o("hG'KhB)5CJ$OJPJaJ$o(%hG'KhD-5>*CJ$OJPJaJ$o(      0 6 ˼xiWG5&hF8o5CJ OJPJaJ o("hG'Kh--5CJ OJPJaJ o(hG'KhD-5CJ OJPJaJ "hG'KhD-5CJ OJPJaJ o(h--5CJ$OJPJaJ$o(hG'KhD-CJ$OJPJaJ$o("hG'Kh--5>*CJ$OJPJaJ$"hG'Kh--5CJ$OJPJaJ$o(hG'Kh--CJ$OJPJaJ$o(hG'KhD-CJ$OJPJaJ$"hG'KhD-5CJ$OJPJaJ$o("hG'Kh-->*CJ$OJPJaJ$o(hG'KhO>*CJ$OJPJaJ$6 : < B R T V Z ^ b d h l p r t v ~ zzzzzzzokzzhn=h_$yhn=OJPJhXhn=OJQJo(hXhn=OJQJhG'KhXhG'KOJQJhXhG'KOJQJo(hfOJQJo(hn=CJ PJaJ o(h--5CJ$OJPJaJ$h95CJ OJPJaJ o("hG'KhQ5CJ OJPJaJ o("hG'Kh--5CJ OJPJaJ o(* < R T V ` b $d$Ifa$gdG'K$d$G$Ifa$gdG'KdHgdG'K dG$gdG'K $dG$a$gdD-dG$WD`gdF8ob d n p pp$d$G$Ifa$gd2^~kd$$Ifl40s"0#44 laPf4ytoY p r v x z | ppppppppppp$d$G$Ifa$gd2^~kd$$Ifl40s"0#44 laPf4ytoY FfFf}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^     $ & * , 4 6 8 D F H V X f h v x 4 8 < @ B F J L T V ^ ` h j l x z | 跬h"hn=OJQJh"hn=OJQJo(hfOJQJo(hXhn=OJPJQJhn=h_$yhn=OJPJhXhn=OJQJhXhn=OJQJo(D     & , 6 $d$G$Ifa$gd2^6 8 "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf8 : < > @ B D F $d$1$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^F H "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytfH J L N P R T V $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^V X "kd $$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytfX Z \ ^ ` b d f $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^f h "kd $$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytfh j l n p r t v $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^v x "kd, $$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytfx z | ~ $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kdH $$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kdd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd $$Ifl4֞ #f"s"0'+CQ0#44 laPf4ytf        " & * . 2 6 8 B L V ` j $d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^j l "kd($$Ifl4%֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY l n p r t v x z $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^z | "kdD$$Ifl4e֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY | ~ $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd`$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^      ( * , . 2 @ B D P R ^ ` j l z | ~ ĶhfOJQJaJo(hXOJQJaJhXOJQJaJo(h_Ih9h@XICJOJQJh9hXCJOJQJo(hfCJOJQJo(hXCJ PJaJ o(hXhn=OJQJo(hXhn=OJQJhn=h_$yhn=OJPJ2 "kd|$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY  $d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd$ $$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY      d$Ifgdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^ "kd@!$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY         d$Ifgdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdn=$d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^  "kdj"$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY   " $ & ( * $d$G$Ifa$gdN}$d$G$Ifa$gd2^* , . "dHgdXkd#$$Ifl4֞ +]Ys"0'320#44 laPf4ytoY . B D J L R T ` b l ~r]O]O]O $$1$Ifa$gd9$dp$IfWD`a$gd9 $$Ifa$gd9qkd$$$IflU"q# t0q#44 laPp ytoY $dp$Ifa$gd9 l n | ~ Pt#;dp$IfWD`;gdXdp$If`gdX$dp$Ifa$gdXFf& $$1$Ifa$gd9$dp$IfWD`a$gd9  "rxzX`v~PVX.0vx˸˰˸ˤ˸˒hXQJaJo(h2hXaJh2hXQJaJo(hfQJaJhWhXH*aJhWhXaJhWhXQJaJhj=hXOJQJaJhj=hXOJQJaJo(hXOJQJaJo(hX9.4NP(2: $.26:"$02>FHPFLNPhz!hi~hXQJfHq hi~hXQJaJ*hWhXB*QJfHphq hWhX5QJaJhWhXB*aJphhWhXH*aJhWhXQJaJhWhXaJ9rtv|ltvx @Bz|$,.0F2 4 : < ¸§hWhXB*aJphhWhXB*QJaJph hI3!hXB*QJaJo(phhWhXH*aJhWhXQJaJhWhXaJhi~hXaJhi~hXQJaJhi~hXQJaJo(hXQJaJo(6< f h x z F!L!X!Z!\!d!!!!! " """h#l#n#p#r#t#$$$$$$$$%%%%㶨~u~uusUhWhXaJhWhXQJaJhWhX5aJhWhX5QJaJhXQJaJo(h5_hXH*QJaJo(h?QhXQJaJo(hXH*aJo(hWhXH*aJhXB*QJaJo(phhWhXB*aJphhWhXB*QJaJph-t#$$%%IJ PLd<dp$IfWD`<gdXdp$If`gdXdp$IfWD`gdXdp$IfWD`gdXdp$IfWD`gdXdp$IfWD`gdX0We;Sf[b!hyr+R/f~Nm kSv-N0W:S;Sf[b!hb gvDnǏN'}: N~|f[!hvW,g^SU\ (W~9O0Yef[yxDnRMI{ebN^\b!hT~T'`'Yf[;Sf[b!hX[(W]ݍ 9eivir(W@xv[:ON0 ,{ N Yef[~~b__=T Ns~c6R:N;NvYef[~~e_Nl͑4N^RW{Qv9eiR Nv&{0S_MR0We;Sf[b!hf[uY Yef[~~e_N6q/fNs~:NUSMO NYe^Lp_c:N;N ُNS_MR;Sf[Ye9eil͑W{Qf[u4N^R0Re`~0*N'`SSU\ Nv^ Vdkc"}^;Sf[Ye9eivYef[~~b__0 ,{V xvzubuĉ!j\ ;SYeOS T NzEu elhQ萞[s4N^;Sf[ 5+3 W{Q!j_vMRT/0v[N^'Yv4N^;Sf[,gybuĉ!j 0We;Sf[bvxvzubuĉ!j\ 'YRNt^6R4N^;Sf[,gykNuel(W,g!h[s3t^OOb;S^ĉSW{Q 4N^;Sf[v 5+3 W{Q!j_X[(WMRTrRˆv`Q elg^ 5+3 NSOSvNMbW{QSO|0 Vdk 0We;Sf[b!h^~Tꁫ[E ygc"}ev4N^;Sf[NNNMbW{Q!j_ N^;SYeOS Tv9eiSU\eT0,ge(WǏ[0We;Sf[b!hsLNt^6R4N^;Sf[NMbW{Q!j_vsrx RgX[(Wv 9hnc4N^;Su\MO܀NRTgbN;S^^0RvhQBl [4N^;Sf[NN 5+3 vNMbW{QeHhۏLNSOS v^ۏLv^Yef[e_v9ei ǏxvzT[c"}b_b 0We;Sf[b!h5+3NSOS/_W{Q!j_ 0 N xvzaIN ,gvsQxvzSNۏNek0N[bVؚI{;Sf[YetǏg^0We;Sf[b!h 5+3NSOS/_W{Q !j_ [s0We;Sf[b!h4N^;Sf[NNf[uv b!hYe0kNTYeT~~Ye g:gTcvW{QSO| OvQb:NYe萌TkSYcR0We;Sf[b!h 5+3 NSOS/_W{Qv!jg :NVQ0We;Sf[b!h4N^;Sf[NNNMbW{Q!j_v9eicOPt0 Se.s 1. Wojtcazk AndrzejSchwarz MRoyMinimum Essential Requirement and Standards in Medical EducationMedical Teacher,2000, 22 (6):555-560. 2. Schwarz MRWojtczak AGlobal minimum essential requirementsa road towards competence-oriented medical educationMedical Teacher,2002,24(2):126-130. 3.Harts KarleGlobal standards in medical educationall instruments in quality improvementMedical Education,2002,36:604-605 4.WFME Task Force On Defining International Standards in Basic Medical EducationReport of the working party,Copenhagen14-16 Oct1999 Medical Education 2000 34:665-675 5. 3u8IgV;Sf[Ye9eivRVY;Sf[;Sf[YeRQ,1996, (3):14-23 6Y[[_, ѐ[V;Sf[ՋSO6RvsrVY;Sf[N;Sf[YeRQ, 1994,(1):9-11 7. ckSV;Sf[Ye{QVY;Sf[N;Sf[YeRQ,1996,(1): 40-41 8. Hou J, Michaud C, Li Z, et al.  HYPERLINK "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25176552" \t "_blank" Transformationof theeducationofhealth professionalsinChina: progress and challenges. Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):819-827. 9. ؚ ~ 4T\q I{ ;Sf[u4N^bWvc-NVؚI{;Sf[Ye,2008 22( 1) : 106- 107 10.  HYPERLINK "http://epub.cnki.net/kns/popup/knetsearchNew.aspx?sdb=CJFQ&sfield=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85&skey=%e7%8e%8b%e6%b6%9b&scode=" \t "knet" sm  HYPERLINK "http://epub.cnki.net/kns/popup/knetsearchNew.aspx?sdb=CJFQ&sfield=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85&skey=%e6%b1%9f%e5%8d%8e&scode=" \t "knet" _lNS  HYPERLINK "http://epub.cnki.net/kns/popup/knetsearchNew.aspx?sdb=CJFQ&sfield=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85&skey=%e6%98%9d%e5%8a%a0%e7%a6%84&scode=" \t "knet" fRy.N4N^;Sf[NN:NQY:g mS;Sf[YeYef[9ei HYPERLINK "http://epub.cnki.net/kns/Navi/ScdbBridge.aspx?DBCode=CJFD&BaseID=XBYX&UnitCode=&NaviLink=%e8%a5%bf%e5%8c%97%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2" \t "_blank" S;Sf[Ye,2014,23( 1) : 83-84 11. Y[[_,NSf~g,/c[,I{.[S_;Sf[,gyYeNMbW{Q!j_vxvzN[.-NV'Yf[Yef[,2005,(11):11-20. 12. l_dW,WYO,ёe,s%fu,~~IQ>yO;NINeQQg^ Nv4N^;Sf[NMbW{Q!j_vc-NVؚI{;Sf[Ye,2014,23(11):29-30. 13.jls.4N^;Sf[NNf[MOYe~T9eivc"}TRe.f[MONxvzuYe 201210 49-54. 14. Q,e(g4l,kUaNS,m_Mb#W.0We~T'`'Yf[ReW4N^;Sf[NMbW{Q!j_vc"}N[.kSuLNYe,2013,15(8):218-219.       N0vtOncxvzaIN VQYxvzsrRg D;NSe.sSQY  N0xvzeHh 10xvzvh0xvzQ[Tb㉳QvsQ.20bǑSvxvzel b/g~SSL'`Rg30,gvReKNYTgHeg0wQSObg40,gv;`SO[cSۏU\50cOxvzbgvb__ N0xvz]\OW@x]S_vxvz]\Ob~0ir(agN0NXT0f[/g4ls^I{ V03ubUSMO TLN[\$N T ċa;Nċ,gyxvzvvv0aIN0yrr0RepSvQbgc^^(uNDHLNPTjlܺ޺(*248:@BHôѴѴѴѴѴôѴôôôôôѴѴѴôôѴôôôôôѴѴôѴôôôôh@XIhXB*QJaJphhXB*QJaJo(ph h@XIhXB*QJaJo(phhlhX5OJQJaJhlhX5OJQJaJo(GHJPZhlػڻLNVX|~ܼ޼ BDNPVXZ\`bjBҲҲh@XIhXB*QJph&jh@XIhXB*QJUaJphhXB*QJaJphh@XIhXB*QJaJphhXB*QJaJo(ph h@XIhXB*QJaJo(phAdV~$dp$Ifa$gdXFf)$dp$1$Ifa$gdXdp$IfWD`gdXBDR46:<>@VX\^`b(*,26LNT\ưưƣưưưƔƔƔƔƔhrhXB*QJaJphh@XIhXB*QJph h@XIhXB*QJaJo(ph hXo(hXB*QJaJo(phh@XIhXB*QJaJphh@XIhXQJ&jh@XIhXB*QJUaJph: V|FHT|~ 4ʻۻhF8oOJQJaJo(hfOJQJaJo(hXhXOJQJaJhXOJQJaJo(h@XIhXB*QJaJph h@XIhXB*QJaJo(phhXB*QJaJo(ph hWhXB*QJaJo(ph hXo(7Ff3Ffs0Ff*-$dp$Ifa$gdX4 $$Ifa$gdF8oFfN:Ff7$dp$Ifa$gdX 468Htss dH$IfgdSz dHWD`gdQ2qkdP<$$IflU"q# t0q#44 laPp ytoY 468rtvVXZ^ÕÊm\Qh /OOJQJaJo(!h /OhdB*OJQJaJph$h /Oh /OB*OJQJaJo(phhJ@OJPJaJh /OOJPJaJo(h /Oh /OOJQJaJo(h /OhdOJQJaJh4nh(io(hfOJQJaJo(h_Ih /Oh_IOJQJaJo(hdN(hX5OJPJaJh /OhXOJQJaJo(hXCJ PJaJ o(hXtv dp$IfgdSzlkd<$$IfTl+K"!0S"44 laytSzT dH$Ifgd(ilkdk=$$IfTlK"!0S"44 laytSzT dH$IfgdSzlkd=$$IfTlK"!0S"44 laytSzT dH$IfgdSzlkdw>$$IfTlK"!0S"44 laytSzTX dH$IfgdSzlkd>$$IfTl K"!0S"44 laytSzTXZ  dH$IfgdSzlkd?$$IfTle#!0S"44 laytSzT*,.,Pfj"$(*.0<@BöáÀËumimimimia[a[ h-U0Jjh-UUh&P 182P/R :poY . A!8"8#$%S :182P/R :pG. A!4"#$%Sn $$IfP!vh55#v#v:V l40#,55aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh55#v#v:V l40#,55aPf4ytoY 3$$IfP!v h5505'55n5n555 #v#v0#v'#v#vn#v#v#v :V l40#+, 5505'55n555 aPf4ytfkdH$$Ifl4  +"s"0'nn0#$$$$44 laPf4ytf3$$IfP!v h5505'55n5n555 #v#v0#v'#v#vn#v#v#v :V l40#+, 5505'55n555 aPf4ytfkd$$Ifl4  +"s"0'nn0#$$$$44 laPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'5+5C55Q#v#v0#v'#v+#vC#v#vQ:V l40#++,5505'5+5C55QaPf4ytf$$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l4%0#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l4e0#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY ($$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255/ aPf4ytoY ($$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255/ aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5505'535255#v#v0#v'#v3#v2#v#v:V l40#++,5505'535255aPf4ytoY $$IfP!vh5q##vq#:V l t0q#,5q#aPp ytoY K$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V lR t0q#,55S555n5aPpFyt9kdK%$$IflR֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFyt9E$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V l t0q#55S555n5aPpFytoY kd($$Ifl֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFytoY E$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V la t0q#55S555n5aPpFytoY kd+$$Ifla֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFytoY E$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V l[ t0q#55S555n5aPpFytoY kd,/$$Ifl[֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFytoY E$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V lU t0q#55S555n5aPpFytoY kdu2$$IflU֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFytoY E$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V lO t0q#55S555n5aPpFytoY kd5$$IflO֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFytoY E$$IfP!vh55S5555n5#v#vS#v#v#vn#v:V lW t0q#55S555n5aPpFytoY kd9$$IflW֞ YU"Sn t0q#44 laPpFytoY $$IfP!vh5q##vq#:V l t0q#5q#aPp ytoY $$If!vh5!#v!:V l+0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l 0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l0S"5!aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V lt0S"5!4aytSzT$$If!vh5!#v!:V l0S"5!4ayt}Tb' 02 0@P`p2( 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p 0@P`p8XV~PJ_HmH nHsH tHJ`J F/cke $1$a$ CJKH_HaJmH nHsH tH:: _Ih 1$$@&a$ 5OJ\$A`$ ؞k=W[SOBi@B nfh> D- ckee,g)ۏ 2 Char PJ_HaJZRZ D-ckee,g)ۏ 2dxVD^CJKHmHnHsHtHHH D- ckee,g)ۏ CharB*CJPJ_HaJph`C` D-ckee,g)ۏdhWD`%B*CJKHPJmHnHphsHtH<< D- yblFhe,g CharCJPJ_HaJBB D-yblFhe,gCJKHaJmHnHsHtHVOV D-\hd6f1$9DB*KHPJaJphwh@@ _I h 1 Char5CJKHOJ\aJ00 _I RQk= WD`RR 5T<title!$dd1$[$\$a$CJKHOJQJ^J(U!( 5T<0c >*phB1B 5T<apple-converted-spacePBP 5T<desc$$dd1$[$\$a$CJKHOJQJ^JVRV 5T<details%$dd1$[$\$a$CJKHOJQJ^J a 5T<jrnlPK![Content_Types].xmlj0Eжr(΢Iw},-j4 wP-t#bΙ{UTU^hd}㨫)*1P' ^W0)T9<l#$yi};~@(Hu* Dנz/0ǰ $ X3aZ,D0j~3߶b~i>3\`?/[G\!-Rk.sԻ..a濭?PK!֧6 _rels/.relsj0 }Q%v/C/}(h"O = C?hv=Ʌ%[xp{۵_Pѣ<1H0ORBdJE4b$q_6LR7`0̞O,En7Lib/SeеPK!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xml M @}w7c(EbˮCAǠҟ7՛K Y, e.|,H,lxɴIsQ}#Ր ֵ+!,^$j=GW)E+& 8PK!t,_Qtheme/theme/theme1.xmlYMoE#F{oc'vjGuرhF[xw;jf7@%ą*H_RTԿ;3N&IA!>Ǽ3xN>UW,cy$w#.bQK7fK˕RihD}ˋox9.zgy`Fȉ01ky (rGyaE˫?oi^ˈZ@[tN/e#Séjּ9oLn[3`եȳkT9~ݩ+5_2snכ.ٯ9|ZXvd9|:x9|Bs (b4ٛCL!#ζJ 7*23d4OԢ\m.z@Md}Hb-\xc|9e! a$f^=û?޻wxGȡIXzg>(">y@(:Ͽ|G|% EDk 3^q5'Cq:Aib# %NR¿"}mYG6q=xS@(^vGbh+Q9gm.JpE*y0Nrb\b_&'q }3OKND5wNIB!%ݢ6|-ژd@N6͈h q v|}9+zH J2+~LDE\W*tHG݀HYFs]_бJþ&9/"7^'qZ$*b?{pUngN&%N7h4Kf,t,U;8ߵcF8v WK2mm'U֑wvs78!ϻzOhgڮPlFx<Մ ĔF5. GTE0`W=$PK8ؙRCº>0~ ]^`69|V4 [1_GXU+ubiUiuy`qM@-U8kp0vbp!H#m|&HyȝC1^+Hkjo $A*-GMg,Jn#Kt庇|ikBԥ0 fW¦l|fn[U~3jȦyK$rzVL -V G7d4"*}gVNJ~!] ש TՄѴ+9gEW28Y+MOu0ORݍq7ŔRL)z?@G{\זDž8t4~O`zd kH*M6O[s)k8]"Aa?R dڒɾcU˲d#Quej}C&Y0>g4 S7L^[crhrOU,U-!ޢ!l̪U [A3+T[Xs/s t JQ3bXo   d9;x 'hIF'|>Iw*f')=\qN-3;k ] =Z42&07N|x cI&MI`=DCPK! ѐ'theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsM 0wooӺ&݈Э5 6?$Q ,.aic21h:qm@RN;d`o7gK(M&$R(.1r'JЊT8V"AȻHu}|$b{P8g/]QAsم(#L[PK-![Content_Types].xmlPK-!֧6 +_rels/.relsPK-!kytheme/theme/themeManager.xmlPK-!t,_Qtheme/theme/theme1.xmlPK-! ѐ' theme/theme/_rels/themeManager.xml.relsPK]              *@ *****5777: 6 < pHB4B>TUVWhijkmnry~ b p 6 8 F H V X f h v x j l z |   * . l t#d4tX,hF !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSXlopqstuvwxz{|}4{XXXXX !#*1:!!!t  @@,b$3 @%rw|._J@H 0(  ?0(  B S  ?NO  >*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags PersonName;*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagschsdate ( 12189930DayFalse IsLunarDate IsROCDateMonth ProductIDYearTgbN  (*PRot  !(+-249:>?CDHIMNPRTVX\^`dfhjlnprvwxyz{|}~     !#&*+/02  9<=ALQ]ety+,^_`vz<DMNSXY^_`yz~CDFIJKvw  (DKYegj&'Sy} > ? P V W Y Z 5 : ; < = V       3 4 < = P T W e i j s   D TUv} DTYipt|'-0<=>BGoyz} WX#$IJpq,-12<=A\lmosu135IJS[\hjknorsvw *+ACXZjkwx&(Z[degh/2XZkluvyy{{||~23rs gl AD13!yy{{||~ssss33sss333ss3333sP!;>@CEHJMWxyy{{||~(*PR  !(+-249:;?@CEHJM!#]_CEJTZ\VWr16Q\VɆtad"&Df6+fGf.  v0^v`0o(,{  \^`\hH) \^`\hH. 6\^6`\hH.  \^ `\hH) ~ \^~ `\hH. " \^" `\hH. \^`\hH) j\^j`\hH.t0^t`0o( \^`\)\^`\.4\^4`\. \^ `\)| \^| `\. \^ `\.\^`\)h\^h`\. \^`\hH. \^`\hH) '\^'`\hH. \^`\hH. o \^o `\hH)  \^ `\hH.  \^ `\hH. [\^[`\hH) \^`\hH.^`o(0\^`\)\^`\.6\^6`\. \^ `\)~ \^~ `\." \^" `\.\^`\)j\^j`\.\^`\OJ QJ o(hHlH\^H`\OJ QJ o(hHn\^`\OJ QJ o(hHu\^`\OJ QJ o(hHl4\^4`\OJ QJ o(hHn \^ `\OJ QJ o(hHu| \^| `\OJ QJ o(hHl \^ `\OJ QJ o(hHn\^`\OJ QJ o(hHuDfQ\Vr16fGftadF&        HL                 ߐ                 :{ # ~#I7:p'+J:{ /|tI7M|:%!JxRn& S~ V4E<mK~.Dw& : C   Y# %  ' : 0K U \ ?a 9  g !I'8MrN}/.j=r &cdmapy}(wJ A RaTF KQ25Z9=rk% oY XZ !/!I3!M!4N!;"d#a%u&>y&mJ'))(+(dN(H)X)5Y)x&*><*rq+---6-\:-D-O-~.F/=0#T01!1m2Ag2A3wD3R4O5W5O`5.6_T6r6+7Q7.858Y:Xs:5T<kw<n>J@P@r@|x@BABUBlBtB{BKCADF"FkFGzG|0GBG IPI@XIvJ$5J?EJgTJG'KkLxLI-NX8NANO /OX9O4P;P*DP2`QuQGRDcRzR S)SQSSLT[T-U$VR'VJSV W WpBX?YZ"YoEYIYZ%Z{SZeZ|W|S }\}a}gj}[~$~+YP(i"=([YNe~5/ E~hA| #%^0Y/F<x<M5JOXQl)2d T5g_I13snF|sCNg.gD'W. LRx4eMf Rmvio"&Cz4^J6ThZ6A%i~#\B)u<ax,GnI#6Xsz'`4BBwL 808NvHJ}E +QWr8v^:z%NXU s|T.l 7=?Q<oExlFFBGUfb&1vR%8k<lKgu.9]kp6</ -Qf :jhTQ^j&n*zOrL&Pd2^SzS n=TOiz9f &HJXO@'_l_iq>"|&7kbY<OO*z H_dO2$?z/R=qw[ol"O\sgB '17~ ;e 2UDjOyUuy{@(pp pUnknown G*Ax Times New Roman5Symbol3. *Cx Arial;4IlNfN[N{[SO;([SOSimSun;= |8ўSOSimHei]4  N[_GB2312Arial Unicode MS5Simsun;eckLwi{SO[SO?= *Cx Courier New;WingdingsA$BCambria Math 1htGtG4 f5f5!-!),.:;?]}    & 6"0000 0 0 00000 =@\]^([{  0 0 00000;[4ijj)$b$ 2qHX?F/2! xxq\NwYeS_o(u7b Sky123.Org      Oh+'0  0 < H T`hpxɽʡ ΢û Normal.dotm Sky123.Org6Microsoft Office Word@d@8~@ ,@*f՜.+,D՜.+, X`t|  Microsoft5j  8@ _PID_HLINKSAL,b http://epub.cnki.net/kns/Navi/ScdbBridge.aspx?DBCode=CJFD&BaseID=XBYX&UnitCode=&NaviLink=%e8%a5%bf%e5%8c%97%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2q  }http://epub.cnki.net/kns/popup/knetsearchNew.aspx?sdb=CJFQ&sfield=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85&skey=%e6%98%9d%e5%8a%a0%e7%a6%84&scode=q5{thttp://epub.cnki.net/kns/popup/knetsearchNew.aspx?sdb=CJFQ&sfield=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85&skey=%e6%b1%9f%e5%8d%8e&scode=q9pthttp://epub.cnki.net/kns/popup/knetsearchNew.aspx?sdb=CJFQ&sfield=%e4%bd%9c%e8%80%85&skey=%e7%8e%8b%e6%b6%9b&scode=q!0,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25176552q  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root Entry Fq*Data A1TableMWordDocument |SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8MsoDataStoreѽ*P*WQLZD3KZCHR==2ѽ*P*Item  PropertiesUCompObj u   F#Microsoft Office Word 97-2003 ĵ MSWordDocWord.Document.89q